Waveguide-Integrated SNSPDs for Integrated Photonics

This research review explores waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) as a core technology for scalable integrated photonics. It highlights their unmatched performance in quantum efficiency, timing precision, and ultra-low noise across visible to mid-infrared wavelengths. The study covers on-chip integration techniques, material platforms, and device architectures enabling quantum computing, communication, and sensing. It also presents emerging applications in imaging, AI, spectroscopy, and future photonic integrated circuits.